RGCIRC, Niti Bagh
Tongue Cancer Treatment in Delhi, India | RGCIRC
Overview
Tongue cancer is a type of oral cancer that develops when abnormal cells grow uncontrollably in the tissues of the tongue, affecting speech, swallowing, and overall quality of life. At RGCIRC (Rajiv Gandhi Cancer Institute & Research Centre), we understand that a diagnosis of tongue cancer can be both physically and emotionally challenging. Aligned with this understanding, our team delivers comprehensive, compassionate care for tongue cancer, while preserving essential functions such as speech and swallowing wherever possible. Our multidisciplinary team of surgical oncologists, medical oncologists, radiation oncologists, and supportive care specialists uses advanced diagnostic tools to create personalized treatment plans tailored to each patient’s condition and stage of disease, ensuring minimum discomfort and the best possible outcomes.
What is Tongue Cancer?
Tongue cancer begins when abnormal cells in the tongue grow uncontrollably and form a tumour. It can affect different parts of the tongue and may interfere with essential functions such as speaking, chewing, and swallowing if not diagnosed and treated early. Typically, tongue cancer can develop in either the mouth or throat.
Tongue Cancer Originating in the Mouth
Most tongue cancers develop in the oral tongue, which is the visible part of the tongue inside the mouth. This area is easier to examine, which often helps in earlier detection when compared to other oral cancers.
Tongue Cancer Originating in the Throat
Tongue cancer can also occur at the base of the tongue, which lies deeper in the throat. This type is often associated with symptoms that are less obvious in the early stages and may be detected later when the disease has progressed.
At its core, tongue cancer is a serious but treatable condition, especially when identified early. Understanding its location, symptoms, and risk factors plays a key role in ensuring timely medical attention and better outcomes.
What are the Symptoms of Tongue Cancer?
Tongue cancer can present with a range of symptoms, many of which may seem minor at first but should not be ignored if they persist. Early recognition of these signs is important for timely diagnosis and effective treatment.
- A red or white patch on the tongue or lining of the mouth: Persistent discoloured patches that do not heal and remain visible over time.
- A sore throat that doesn’t go away: Continuous throat pain or irritation that does not improve with routine treatment.
- A feeling that something is caught in the throat: Ongoing sensation of blockage or discomfort without any obvious cause.
- Numbness of the mouth or tongue: Loss of sensation or tingling in the tongue or surrounding oral tissues.
- Difficulty or pain with chewing, swallowing, or moving the jaws or tongue: Pain, stiffness, or restricted movement while eating or speaking.
- Swelling of the jaw: Noticeable or persistent swelling in the jaw area that may gradually worsen.
- A change in voice: Hoarseness or noticeable changes in speech quality that persist over time.
- Swelling in the neck: A lump or swelling in the neck may occur when cancer cells spread to nearby lymph nodes. This swelling is often painless initially but should be evaluated if it persists or continues to grow.
If these symptoms continue for more than two weeks, it is important to seek medical evaluation without delay, as early diagnosis can significantly improve treatment outcomes.
What are the Causes of Tongue Cancer?
A key contributing factor is long-term exposure to harmful substances such as tobacco and alcohol, which can damage the cells of the oral cavity over time. In many cases, infection with the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) is also linked to the development of tongue cancer, particularly cancers at the base of the tongue.
In addition, other biological and lifestyle factors, such as poor oral hygiene, sharp teeth and increasing age, can further increase susceptibility. In most cases, tongue cancer develops due to a combination of these risk factors rather than a single cause.
The Link Between HPV Infection and Tongue Cancer
The Human Papillomavirus (HPV) is one of the important risk factors linked to tongue cancer, particularly cancers that develop at the base of the tongue. HPV is a common viral infection that is primarily transmitted through close contact, including oral sex. Understanding the role of HPV is important because it is preventable with measures such as vaccination, safe practices, and regular health check-ups.
How is Tongue Cancer Diagnosed?
Tongue cancer is diagnosed through a combination of clinical examination and specialised tests that help confirm the presence of cancer and determine its extent. Early and accurate diagnosis is essential for planning the right treatment approach.
- Physical Examination:
- Imaging Tests: Imaging techniques such as MRI, CT scans, PET scans, and sometimes ultrasound are used to assess the size of the tumour and check whether it has spread to nearby tissues, lymph nodes, or distant sites. These tests are also important for staging the disease accurately.
- Biopsy: A biopsy is the most definitive method for diagnosing tongue cancer.
- Endoscopy: Endoscopy involves using a thin, flexible tube with a camera to examine the mouth, throat, and base of the tongue. It helps doctors detect abnormal or hard-to-see areas and assess the full extent of the disease.
- HPV Testing: In some cases, especially for cancers at the base of the tongue, testing for HPV infection may be recommended as it can influence prognosis and treatment planning.
If these symptoms continue for more than two weeks, it is important to seek medical evaluation without delay, as early diagnosis can significantly improve treatment outcomes.
What are the Treatment Options for Tongue Cancer?
Treatment for tongue cancer is planned based on several factors, including the size and location of the tumour, the stage of the disease, and the patient’s overall health. At RGCIRC, a multidisciplinary team works together to create a personalised treatment strategy.
- Radiation Therapy : Radiation Therapy may be used as a standalone treatment in early cases or after surgery to eliminate any remaining cancer cells and reduce the risk of recurrence.
- Chemotherapy:Chemotherapy is often used in more advanced stages or in combination with radiation therapy.
- Targeted Therapy: Targeted therapy focuses on specific genetic or molecular changes in cancer cells. It aims to block the growth and spread of cancer while causing less damage to normal cells.
- Immunotherapy: Immunotherapy is typically used in advanced or recurrent cases.
- Clinical Trials: Clinical trials provide access to new and emerging treatments that are still under research.
How Can Tongue Cancer be Prevented?
Prevention focuses on avoiding known risk factors and maintaining good overall oral hygiene.
- Avoid tobacco use
- Limit alcohol intake
- Get the HPV vaccine: Not used in India till date in prevention of Oral Cancer
- Maintain good oral hygiene: Regular brushing, flossing, and proper dental care help reduce chronic irritation and improve overall oral health.
- Have regular dental and health check-ups
- Eat a balanced diet: A diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains supports overall immune health and may help reduce cancer risk.
Why Choose RGCIRC for Tongue Cancer Treatment?
Our multidisciplinary team comprises surgical oncologists, medical oncologists, radiation oncologists, radiologists, and pathologists, who collaborate closely to design personalised treatment plans for every patient, while ensuring accurate diagnosis, precise staging, and well-planned treatment strategies tailored to individual needs.
Beyond medical expertise, RGCIRC is deeply committed to ethics, empathy, and excellence in care delivery. The emphasis is not only on treating cancer but also on improving quality of life and providing holistic support at every stage.
Need Expert Care for Tongue Cancer? Your Search Ends Here
If you are experiencing persistent oral symptoms or have been diagnosed with tongue cancer, early consultation with a specialist can make a significant difference in outcomes. At RGCIRC, our multidisciplinary team is committed to providing accurate diagnosis, advanced treatment options, and compassionate support tailored to your needs. Reach out to us today to book a consultation and take a confident step towards specialised cancer care and recovery.
Call +91-11-4702 2222 (Rohini) / +91-11-4582 2222 (Niti Bagh, South Delhi) Book online at care.rgcirc.org | Download the RGCI Care app on iOS and Android
OPD Hours: Monday to Saturday, 9:00 AM to 5:00 PM | Emergency Services: 24×7 at both campuses
Frequently Asked Questions about Tongue Cancer
Q. Is tongue cancer curable?
Yes, tongue cancer can often be treated successfully, especially when diagnosed at an early stage. Treatment outcomes depend on the stage, location, and overall health of the patient.
Q. What are the first signs of cancer of the tongue?
The first signs may include a non-healing sore on the tongue, persistent pain, numbness, difficulty chewing or swallowing, or changes in speech.
Q. Does tongue cancer spread quickly?
Tongue cancer can spread to nearby tissues and lymph nodes if not treated early. Some types may be more aggressive than others, which is why early diagnosis is important.
Q. What is the success rate of tongue cancer surgery?
Success rates vary depending on the stage at diagnosis. Early-stage tongue cancer treated with surgery generally has a high success rate and better functional outcomes.
Q. Does tongue cancer usually come back?
Tongue cancer can recur in some cases, especially if diagnosed at a later stage. Regular follow-up care and monitoring help detect and manage recurrence early.
Q. How long is recovery after tongue cancer surgery?
Recovery time varies based on the extent of surgery and type of reconstruction. Many patients require a few weeks to several months for healing, along with speech and swallowing rehabilitation if needed.
Q. What is the best treatment for tongue cancer?
The best treatment depends on the individual case depending on willingness and fitness of patient The options include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, targeted therapy, or a combination of these, planned through a multidisciplinary approach.
Q. When should I see a doctor?
You should consult a healthcare provider if you notice a mouth sore that does not heal, persistent tongue pain, difficulty swallowing, or any unusual changes in the mouth lasting more than two weeks.