My Reports
RGCIRC, Niti Bagh
Stomach Cancer Treatment in Delhi, India
Hearing that you or someone close to you may have stomach cancer can feel overwhelming. For many people, the first reaction is to understand what the diagnosis means, and what treatment options are available. While the journey ahead may feel uncertain, the right information and timely medical care can help patients and families make informed decisions with greater confidence.
One of the biggest challenges with stomach cancer is that it often causes no noticeable symptoms in the early stages. This makes awareness, early evaluation, and timely diagnosis especially important for improving treatment outcomes.
At RGCIRC (Rajiv Gandhi Cancer Institute and Research Centre), stomach cancer treatment is managed by the Department of GI Oncosurgery and Liver Transplant with support from a dedicated Multidisciplinary Tumour Board. Our specialists from surgical oncology, medical oncology, radiation oncology, gastroenterology, radiology, and pathology work together to create a personalised treatment plan for every patient.
Understanding Stomach Cancer
The stomach is a muscular organ located in the upper part of the abdomen. It helps digest food by mixing it with digestive juices before passing it into the small intestine. Most stomach cancers begin in the inner lining of the stomach, known as the mucosa.
Stomach cancer or gastric cancer develops when cells in this lining begin to grow abnormally and form a tumour. Over time, the tumour may grow deeper into the stomach wall and, in advanced stages, spread to nearby lymph nodes or other organs such as the liver or lungs.
Stomach cancer is one of the more common cancers worldwide and is seen more frequently in some parts of India, including the North-East region and Kerala. It is more common in men and is usually diagnosed after the age of 50, although it can occur at any age.
The good news is that stomach cancer is often more treatable when detected early. This makes it important to recognise persistent symptoms, understand the risk factors, and seek medical attention without delay.
Types of Stomach Cancer
Not all stomach cancers are the same. They differ based on the type of cell from which they originate, and this affects how they behave and how they are treated. The main types include:
Adenocarcinoma
Adenocarcinoma is the most common type of stomach cancer and accounts for nearly 90–95% of cases. It starts in the glandular cells of the stomach lining, which produce mucus and digestive fluids. In most cases, when doctors refer to stomach cancer, they are talking about adenocarcinoma.
Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumours (GIST)
GISTs are rare tumours that develop from specialised cells in the stomach wall rather than the inner lining. These tumours are treated differently from other stomach cancers and may respond well to targeted therapy. Genetic testing helps doctors choose the most suitable treatment.
Gastric Lymphoma
Gastric lymphoma develops from immune cells present in the stomach wall. One common type, called MALT lymphoma, is often linked to H. pylori infection and may respond to antibiotic treatment in the early stages.
Carcinoid Tumours (Neuroendocrine Tumours)
These rare tumours develop from hormone-producing cells in the stomach. Many grow slowly, but some aggressive forms may require intensive treatment.
Signs and Symptoms of Stomach Cancer
Stomach cancer symptoms can often resemble common digestive problems, which is why they are sometimes ignored in the beginning. However, persistent or worsening symptoms should not be overlooked, especially when they continue despite medication or lifestyle changes.
Symptoms that may need medical evaluation include:
- Loss of appetite: A continued drop in appetite without a clear reason, such as stress, illness, or change in routine.
- Unexplained weight loss: Losing weight without trying or without making changes to your diet or activity level.
- Persistent indigestion or heartburn: Indigestion or acidity that keeps coming back or does not improve with usual medicines.
- Nausea and vomiting: Feeling sick often or vomiting regularly, especially after meals.
- Feeling full very quickly: Feeling full after eating only a small amount of food, also called early satiety.
- Bloating or gas after eating: Frequent bloating or gassiness that cannot be explained by diet or another digestive condition.
- Stomach pain or discomfort: Ongoing dull pain or discomfort in the upper abdomen, especially above the belly button.
- Difficulty swallowing: Trouble swallowing, which may happen when the tumour is close to the junction of the food pipe and stomach.
- Blood in vomit or black stools: Vomiting blood or passing black, tarry stools may indicate bleeding in the upper digestive tract and needs immediate medical attention.
- Fatigue and weakness: Constant tiredness that does not improve with rest, often due to anaemia caused by slow internal blood loss.
When Should You See a Doctor?
You should see a doctor if any of these symptoms last for more than two weeks, keep coming back, or become worse over time. Do not delay medical care if you notice blood in vomit or stools, significant weight loss, or persistent difficulty swallowing.
At RGCIRC, patients with suspected stomach cancer symptoms receive a detailed clinical evaluation coordinated by the GI Oncosurgery and Gastroenterology teams.
Causes and Risk Factors of Stomach Cancer
Stomach cancer does not usually develop because of a single cause. It is linked to a combination of lifestyle, medical, and genetic factors that increase the chances of abnormal cell growth in the stomach lining. Understanding these risk factors can help identify people who may benefit from earlier evaluation or regular monitoring.
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) Infection
pylori is a bacteria that infects the stomach lining and is considered the most important known risk factor for stomach cancer. Long-term infection can cause chronic inflammation, which may gradually lead to precancerous changes in the stomach lining. The infection can be detected through simple breath or stool tests and is usually treated with antibiotics.
Diet
A diet high in salty, smoked, pickled, and preserved foods may increase the risk of stomach cancer. On the other hand, fresh fruits and vegetables rich in antioxidants and dietary fibre may help lower the risk. These dietary patterns are especially relevant in regions where stomach cancer rates are higher.
Tobacco and Alcohol
Smoking, chewing tobacco, and other forms of tobacco use significantly increase stomach cancer risk. Heavy alcohol consumption may also increase the risk, especially when combined with tobacco use.
Obesity
Excess body weight, particularly abdominal obesity, is linked to a higher risk of cancers near the junction of the food pipe and stomach. Obesity can also worsen acid reflux, which may contribute to cancer development.
Chronic Gastritis and Stomach Ulcers
Long-term inflammation of the stomach lining, known as gastritis, can increase cancer risk. This may happen because of H. pylori infection, autoimmune conditions, or other causes. Untreated stomach ulcers may also slightly increase long-term risk.
Previous Stomach Surgery
People who have previously undergone surgery to remove part of the stomach for non-cancerous conditions may have a higher long-term risk of developing stomach cancer in the remaining stomach tissue, especially many years after surgery.
Family History and Genetic Conditions
People with a close family history of stomach cancer may have a higher risk of developing the disease. Certain inherited conditions can increase this risk further, including:
- Lynch syndrome
- Hereditary Diffuse Gastric Cancer (CDH1 mutation)
- Familial Adenomatous Polyposis (FAP)
- Li-Fraumeni syndrome
- Peutz-Jeghers syndrome
People with these conditions may benefit from specialist counselling and regular screening.
Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) Infection
The Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), which causes glandular fever, has been linked to a specific subtype of stomach cancer called EBV-associated gastric cancer. This type may respond differently to some treatments because of its unique molecular features.
Age and Sex
Stomach cancer is more common in adults over the age of 50 and affects men more often than women. Differences in diet, H. pylori infection, tobacco use, and alcohol consumption may contribute to this increased risk.
How Is Stomach Cancer Diagnosed?
Diagnosing stomach cancer usually involves a combination of endoscopy, biopsy, laboratory testing, and imaging scans. At RGCIRC, the diagnostic process is carried out in a systematic manner to accurately confirm the diagnosis and understand how far the disease has spread. Here’s how the diagnostic process flows:
Upper GI Endoscopy and Biopsy
Upper GI endoscopy is the most important test for diagnosing stomach cancer. During this procedure, a thin flexible tube with a camera, called an endoscope, is passed through the mouth into the stomach. This allows the doctor to closely examine the stomach lining. If any abnormal or suspicious area is seen, a small tissue sample (biopsy) is taken and sent to the laboratory. A biopsy is necessary to confirm whether cancer cells are present.
At RGCIRC, endoscopy is performed using high-definition technology, including Narrow Band Imaging (NBI), which helps detect subtle or early lesions more accurately.
Histopathology and Molecular Testing
The biopsy sample is examined by a pathologist to confirm the type and grade of cancer.
In advanced stomach cancer cases, additional molecular tests may also be performed, including:
- HER2 testing
- PD-L1 expression testing
- Microsatellite instability (MSI) testing
These tests help identify patients who may benefit from targeted therapy or immunotherapy. RGCIRC also offers next-generation sequencing for detailed tumour profiling when needed.
Imaging Tests
Once stomach cancer is confirmed, imaging tests are used to determine the stage of the disease and whether it has spread to nearby organs or distant parts of the body.
Tests may include:
- Contrast-enhanced CT scan of the chest, abdomen, and pelvis
- MRI scan in selected cases
- Digital PET-CT for advanced or metastatic disease evaluation
- Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) to assess tumour depth and nearby lymph nodes
These investigations help doctors decide the most suitable treatment approach, including whether surgery is possible.
Stages of Stomach Cancer
Staging helps doctors understand how far the cancer has spread and decide the most suitable treatment plan. Stomach cancer is commonly staged using the TNM system, which evaluates:
- T (Tumour): Size and depth of the tumour
- N (Nodes): Whether nearby lymph nodes are involved
- M (Metastasis): Whether the cancer has spread to distant organs
|
Stage |
What It Means |
Common Treatment Approach |
|
Stage 0 (In Situ) |
Cancer is limited to the innermost lining of the stomach |
Endoscopic removal may be possible |
|
Stage I |
The tumour has grown deeper into the stomach wall but has not spread significantly |
Surgery with curative intent |
|
Stage II |
Cancer has spread deeper into the stomach or nearby lymph nodes |
Surgery along with chemotherapy before or after surgery |
|
Stage III |
Cancer has spread more extensively to lymph nodes or nearby structures |
Combined treatment with surgery, chemotherapy, and sometimes radiation therapy |
|
Stage IV |
Cancer has spread to distant organs such as the liver, lungs, or abdominal lining |
Systemic treatment such as chemotherapy, targeted therapy, or immunotherapy; surgery in selected cases |
How Is Stomach Cancer Treated?
Treatment for stomach cancer depends on several factors, including the stage of the disease, the location of the tumour, the molecular characteristics of the cancer, and the patient’s overall health.
At RGCIRC, every stomach cancer case is reviewed by the GI and HPB (Hepatopancreatobiliary) Tumour Board. This team includes specialists from surgical oncology, medical oncology, radiation oncology, gastroenterology, radiology, and pathology who work together to create a personalised treatment plan for each patient.
Surgery
Surgery is the main treatment for stomach cancer that is localised or has not spread widely. The type of surgery depends on the size, stage, and location of the tumour.
RGCIRC offers both open and minimally invasive surgeries, including laparoscopic and robotic procedures.
Common surgical procedures include:
- Endoscopic Mucosal Resection (EMR) and Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection (ESD): Very early-stage cancers limited to the inner stomach lining may sometimes be removed through an endoscope without external cuts.
- Partial Gastrectomy: Removal of the cancerous part of the stomach along with nearby lymph nodes. The remaining stomach is then reconnected to the digestive tract.
- Total Gastrectomy: Removal of the entire stomach when the tumour is large or located in an area where partial removal is not possible. The food pipe is then connected directly to the small intestine.
- Multivisceral Resection: In advanced cases where the tumour has spread to nearby organs such as the pancreas, spleen, or colon, these organs may also be removed during surgery to achieve complete tumour clearance.
Minimally invasive surgery may help suitable patients recover faster, experience less blood loss, and have shorter hospital stays.
Chemotherapy
Chemotherapy uses anti-cancer drugs to destroy cancer cells or slow their growth.
It may be used:
- Before surgery (neoadjuvant chemotherapy): To shrink the tumour and improve the chances of complete removal.
- After surgery (adjuvant chemotherapy): To reduce the risk of cancer returning.
- For advanced or metastatic cancer: As the main treatment to control disease progression and symptoms.
Targeted Therapy
Some stomach cancers have specific molecular changes that can be treated with targeted drugs.
For example, HER2-positive stomach cancer may respond to trastuzumab (Herceptin). Another targeted drug, ramucirumab, may be used in selected advanced cases.
At RGCIRC, molecular testing helps identify patients who may benefit from targeted therapy.
Immunotherapy
Immunotherapy helps the body’s immune system recognise and attack cancer cells.
Drugs such as nivolumab and pembrolizumab are used in selected patients, especially those with high PD-L1 expression or MSI-high tumours. These treatments are often combined with chemotherapy in advanced stomach cancer.
RGCIRC’s molecular testing facilities help identify patients who are suitable for immunotherapy.
Radiation Therapy
Radiation therapy uses high-energy radiation to destroy cancer cells.
It may be used:
- Along with chemotherapy before or after surgery
- To reduce the risk of cancer returning
- To relieve symptoms such as pain or bleeding in advanced cancer
RGCIRC offers advanced radiation techniques such as IMRT and IGRT, which deliver targeted treatment while reducing damage to surrounding healthy tissues.
Palliative Care
For advanced stomach cancer, palliative care focuses on improving comfort and quality of life. It helps manage symptoms such as pain, nausea, eating difficulties, and fatigue.
At RGCIRC, palliative care is integrated into treatment from an early stage to provide physical, emotional, and supportive care alongside cancer treatment.
Can Stomach Cancer Be Prevented?
There is no guaranteed way to prevent stomach cancer, but certain lifestyle changes and early medical care can help reduce the risk, especially in people with known risk factors.
Treat H. pylori Infection Early
pylori infection is one of the most important risk factors for stomach cancer. Detecting and treating this infection with antibiotics can significantly reduce long-term risk, particularly in people with chronic gastritis or a family history of stomach cancer.
Follow a Healthy Diet
Eating plenty of fresh fruits and vegetables, especially foods rich in Vitamin C and antioxidants, may help lower stomach cancer risk. It is also important to reduce intake of salty, smoked, pickled, and heavily processed foods.
Avoid Tobacco and Limit Alcohol
Smoking, chewing tobacco, and other forms of tobacco use increase the risk of stomach cancer. Limiting alcohol intake and quitting tobacco can lower the risk of stomach cancer as well as several other cancers.
Maintain a Healthy Weight
Maintaining a healthy body weight, especially avoiding excess abdominal fat, may help reduce the risk of stomach cancer and other digestive cancers.
Get Screened if You Are at High Risk
People with a strong family history of stomach cancer, inherited genetic conditions such as Lynch syndrome or Hereditary Diffuse Gastric Cancer, or long-standing H. pylori-related gastritis may need regular screening and specialist evaluation.
At RGCIRC, the Preventive Oncology team provides personalised risk assessment and guidance for people at higher risk of stomach cancer.
Why Choose RGCIRC for Stomach Cancer Treatment?
Stomach cancer treatment often requires more than one type of therapy and careful coordination between multiple specialists. At RGCIRC, patients benefit from multidisciplinary cancer care, advanced surgical expertise, precision-based treatment planning, and comprehensive supportive care under one roof. Here’s what makes RGCIRC a trusted centre for stomach cancer treatment in Delhi and India.
Advanced GI Oncosurgery and Minimally Invasive Treatment
RGCIRC’s GI Oncosurgery department offers the full range of stomach cancer surgeries, from endoscopic procedures for early-stage disease to complex surgeries for advanced tumours. The team is experienced in laparoscopic and robotic cancer surgery, helping suitable patients benefit from smaller incisions, reduced blood loss, faster recovery, and shorter hospital stays.
Multidisciplinary Tumour Board and Precision Treatment Planning
Every stomach cancer case at RGCIRC is reviewed by the GI and HPB (Hepatopancreatobiliary) Tumour Board before treatment begins. Specialists from surgical oncology, medical oncology, radiation oncology, gastroenterology, radiology, and pathology work together to create a personalised treatment plan.
Advanced molecular testing, including HER2, PD-L1, MSI testing, and next-generation sequencing, helps identify patients who may benefit from targeted therapy or immunotherapy.
Accredited and Recognised Cancer Care
RGCIRC holds NABH (5th Edition) and NABL accreditation along with Green OT and Nursing Excellence certifications. The institute has also been recognised among leading specialised cancer hospitals nationally and internationally for its comprehensive oncology care.
Commitment to Accessible and Supportive Care
As a not-for-profit institution, RGCIRC provides financial assistance and subsidised treatment support through its Philanthropy Department for eligible patients. Patients also receive access to supportive care services, including nutrition guidance, rehabilitation, pain management, and psychological support during treatment and recovery.
Book a Consultation at RGCIRC
Persistent digestive symptoms should never be ignored, especially when they continue for weeks or worsen over time. Early evaluation can help identify the cause and, if needed, begin treatment at the right stage.
At RGCIRC, the GI Oncosurgery and Medical Oncology teams provide comprehensive evaluation and personalised treatment planning for all stages of stomach cancer.
For consultations, second opinions, or treatment guidance: Call +91-11-4702 2222 (Rohini) / +91-11-4582 2222 (Niti Bagh, South Delhi) | Book online at care.rgcirc.org | Download the RGCI Care app on iOS and Android
OPD Hours: Monday to Saturday, 9:00 AM to 5:00 PM | Emergency Services: 24×7 at both campuses
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
Is stomach cancer curable?
Yes, stomach cancer can often be treated successfully when detected early. Surgery, sometimes combined with chemotherapy, offers the best chance of cure in localised disease. Even in advanced stages, treatment can help control the disease and improve quality of life.
What are the early warning signs of stomach cancer?
Early symptoms may include persistent indigestion, heartburn, loss of appetite, feeling full quickly, bloating, or upper abdominal discomfort. Blood in vomit or black stools needs immediate medical attention.
Can a stomach tumour be felt from outside?
Most early stomach tumours cannot be felt externally. Stomach cancer is usually diagnosed through endoscopy, biopsy, and imaging scans rather than physical examination alone.
How long does recovery take after stomach cancer surgery?
Recovery depends on the type of surgery performed. Most patients recover gradually over 4–8 weeks after surgery, although dietary adjustments and nutritional support may continue for longer.
Is surgery always required for stomach cancer?
Not always. Some very early-stage cancers can be treated through endoscopic procedures without major surgery. In advanced cases, treatment may focus on chemotherapy, targeted therapy, immunotherapy, or supportive care.
Who is at higher risk of stomach cancer?
Risk is higher in people with H. pylori infection, chronic gastritis, family history of stomach cancer, certain inherited genetic conditions, tobacco use, heavy alcohol consumption, and diets high in salty or preserved foods.
What foods should be avoided during stomach cancer treatment?
Patients are usually advised to limit salty, smoked, heavily processed, spicy, or fatty foods, along with alcohol and carbonated drinks. Smaller, more frequent meals are often easier to tolerate during treatment and recovery.
Where can I find stomach cancer treatment near me in Delhi?
RGCIRC offers comprehensive stomach cancer treatment at its Rohini and Niti Bagh campuses in Delhi. The institute provides surgical oncology, chemotherapy, targeted therapy, immunotherapy, radiation therapy, and multidisciplinary cancer care for all stages of stomach cancer.
Which is considered among the best hospitals for stomach cancer treatment in Delhi?
RGCIRC is considered among the leading hospitals for stomach cancer treatment in Delhi, offering multidisciplinary care through GI Oncosurgery, Medical Oncology, Radiation Oncology, advanced molecular testing, and minimally invasive cancer surgery under one roof.