World NET Cancer Day 2025: Understanding Neuroendocrine Tumours and the Need for Awareness

Neuroendocrine tumours (NETs) are a group of uncommon cancers that develop from specialised cells found throughout the body. What makes them particularly challenging is that their symptoms often resemble those of more common illnesses, leading to delayed or missed diagnoses. As a result, many patients live with unexplained symptoms for years before getting diagnosed. World NET Cancer Day aims to raise awareness about these tumours, their impact, and the importance of timely diagnosis and treatment. In this article, we will explore the history and significance of the World NET Cancer Day, while delving deeper into neuroendocrine tumours and their types, and the diagnostic and treatment options available for this rare cancer.

World Neuroendocrine Cancer Day: History and Significance

World Neuroendocrine Cancer Day, observed annually on 10 November, was established by the International Neuroendocrine Cancer Alliance (INCA) in collaboration with patient advocacy groups across the world. The initiative was launched to shed light on neuroendocrine tumours (NETs), which were long considered rare and often overlooked in mainstream cancer awareness.

Over the years, this observance has grown into a global movement, helping patients, caregivers, and healthcare professionals unite in raising awareness, improving diagnosis, and pushing for better research and treatment.

Key points about the day include:

• Global initiative: Coordinated by INCA and patient organisations worldwide.
• Purpose: To promote awareness of NETs, encourage early diagnosis, and support affected families.
• Awareness drive: Educates both the public and healthcare providers about symptoms that can easily be mistaken for other conditions.
• Community role: Inspires participation in campaigns, sharing of resources, and advocacy for stronger research efforts.
• Impact: Brings together doctors, researchers, patients, and communities to fight neuroendocrine cancer collectively.

Understanding Neuroendocrine Cancer

Neuroendocrine cancer starts in special cells called neuroendocrine cells. These cells have a dual role – they act partly like nerve cells and partly like hormone-producing cells. When these cells grow abnormally, they can form neuroendocrine tumours (NETs). Such tumours may appear in different parts of the body, most often in the digestive system, pancreas, or lungs. Some NETs develop slowly and may remain unnoticed for years, while others are faster-growing and can spread more quickly.

Common Causes and Risk Factors

The exact cause of neuroendocrine tumours is not always known, but certain factors may increase the chances of developing them. These include:

• Genetic conditions: People with inherited syndromes such as Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia (MEN1) are at a higher risk.
• Family history: Having close relatives with neuroendocrine tumours or related conditions may raise the risk.
• Other medical conditions: Diseases such as diabetes or long-term stomach conditions that affect hormone levels may play a role.
• Age: NETs are more commonly found in people over 50.
• Gender: In some studies, NETs appear slightly more often in women.

While these factors can increase risk, many people with NETs may not have any clear cause. Early awareness and timely check-ups are therefore essential.

Early Warning Signs and Symptoms

Neuroendocrine tumours can be tricky to detect early because their symptoms often resemble those of more common health issues. Still, recognising the warning signs can help in seeking timely medical advice. Common symptoms include:

• Digestive problems: Persistent diarrhoea, abdominal pain, bloating, or unexplained changes in bowel habits.
• Unexplained weight loss: Losing weight without any change in diet or lifestyle.
• Skin flushing: Sudden redness or warmth in the face and neck, often without a clear trigger.
• Breathing difficulties: Wheezing, coughing, or shortness of breath.
• Fatigue: Ongoing tiredness that doesn’t improve with rest.
• Hormone-related symptoms: In some cases, tumours produce excess hormones, leading to issues such as high blood sugar, sweating, or rapid heartbeat.

Because these signs are non-specific, many patients are misdiagnosed at first. If such symptoms persist or worsen, it is important to consult a doctor for proper evaluation.

Types of Neuroendocrine Tumours

Neuroendocrine tumours (NETs) can arise in different parts of the body, and their location often influences both symptoms and treatment options. The main types include:

• Gastrointestinal NETs: Found in the small intestine, stomach, colon, or pancreas. They are among the most common NETs and can affect digestion and hormone regulation.
• Lung NETs: These develop in the lungs and may cause persistent cough, wheezing, or chest discomfort.
• Pancreatic NETs (pNETs): A subset of gastrointestinal NETs, these tumours affect the pancreas and can lead to hormone-related symptoms.
• Rare NETs: Occasionally found in the thymus, adrenal glands, or other less common sites.

Understanding the type and site of a NET is crucial, as it guides doctors in choosing the most effective treatment plan.

Why Awareness Matters

Raising awareness about neuroendocrine tumours (NETs) is essential because these cancers are often misunderstood and diagnosed late. Unlike many other cancers, NETs present with vague or overlapping symptoms that can mimic conditions such as irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), asthma, or even stress-related digestive issues. This makes timely recognition a significant challenge.

Key reasons why awareness is so important include:

• Challenges in early detection: Many patients remain undiagnosed for years as their symptoms are mistaken for common ailments.
• Risk of misdiagnosis: Because NETs share features with other health problems, patients may undergo treatment for unrelated conditions before receiving the correct diagnosis.
• Need for education: Greater knowledge among both the public and healthcare providers can shorten the time to diagnosis and improve survival outcomes.
• Advocacy for better care: Awareness campaigns push for more research, improved diagnostic tools, and accessible treatment options.

By advocating on these issues, World NET Cancer Day helps ensure that patients receive earlier and more accurate diagnoses, leading to better treatment outcomes.

Diagnosis of Neuroendocrine Cancer

Because neuroendocrine tumours often mimic other health conditions, diagnosing them can be difficult and usually requires multiple tests. Doctors combine medical history, physical examinations, and specialised investigations to confirm the diagnosis and understand the extent of the disease. Some common diagnostic methods include:

• Blood and urine tests: These check for abnormal hormone levels or substances (tumour markers) released by NETs. For example, high levels of chromogranin A in the blood or 5-HIAA in urine may point towards a NET.
• Imaging scans: CT scans and MRI provide detailed pictures of internal organs to show the size and spread of tumours. PET scans, especially those using a special tracer (Ga-68 DOTATATE PET), are highly effective in spotting NETs that may not be visible on regular scans.
• Endoscopy: Involves inserting a thin, flexible tube with a camera through the mouth or rectum to look inside the digestive tract. This allows doctors to directly see suspicious growths and collect small tissue samples.
• Biopsy: The most definitive test, where a small piece of the tumour is taken (through a needle or surgery) and studied under a microscope to confirm whether it is cancerous and to identify its type.

Treatment Options for Neuroendocrine Cancer

The treatment of neuroendocrine cancer depends on factors such as the tumour’s size, location, type, and whether it has spread. In many cases, a combination of therapies is used to manage the disease and improve quality of life. Some key treatment options include:

• Surgery: Often the first choice for localised NETs, surgery aims to completely remove the tumour.
• Medication therapy: Drugs such as somatostatin analogues help control hormone-related symptoms and slow tumour growth.
• Targeted therapy and chemotherapy: These treatments are used for aggressive or advanced tumours to directly attack cancer cells.
• Radiotherapy and PRRT (Peptide Receptor Radionuclide Therapy): Special forms of radiation therapy that shrink or destroy cancer cells while sparing healthy tissues.
• Supportive care: Focused on managing symptoms, improving quality of life, and providing ongoing monitoring.

With the right combination of these therapies, patients can achieve better outcomes and improved quality of life.

How You Can Support World NET Cancer Day

Everyone can play a part in raising awareness and supporting those affected by neuroendocrine tumours (NETs). Simple actions can help bring this condition into focus and ensure more people benefit from timely diagnosis and treatment.

Ways to contribute include:

• Participate in awareness campaigns: Join global or local initiatives on 10 November by sharing educational materials or attending events.
• Spread knowledge online: Use social media platforms to share reliable information about NETs and the importance of early detection.
• Encourage check-ups: Motivate friends and family to seek medical advice if they experience unexplained or persistent symptoms.
• Support patients and caregivers: Offer emotional support, connect them with community resources, or contribute to patient advocacy groups.
• Advocate for research: Back initiatives that focus on developing better diagnostic tools and treatment options.

Living with Neuroendocrine Cancer: Support and Hope

A diagnosis of neuroendocrine cancer can feel overwhelming, but with the right medical care and emotional support, many patients are able to lead fulfilling lives. Living with NETs often means managing symptoms, undergoing regular monitoring, and maintaining a positive approach to long-term care.

Key aspects of support include:

• Emotional wellbeing: Counselling, support groups, and peer networks help patients and caregivers cope with anxiety, uncertainty, and stress.
• Nutritional guidance: Specialised diets may be recommended to manage digestive symptoms and maintain energy.
• Regular follow-up care: Ongoing check-ups ensure treatment remains effective and any recurrence or progression is detected early.
• Community support: Patient advocacy organisations and awareness groups provide valuable resources and create a sense of belonging.

Focusing on both medical treatment and holistic wellbeing can greatly improve the quality of life for patients with neuroendocrine tumours.

Moving Forward with Awareness

World NET Cancer Day 2025 reminds us that greater awareness, early diagnosis, and timely treatment can transform outcomes for people living with neuroendocrine cancer. At Rajiv Gandhi Cancer Institute & Research Centre (RGCIRC), patients benefit from advanced diagnostics, expert oncologists, innovative therapies, and holistic support that address both medical and emotional needs. To consult a cancer specialist at Rajiv Gandhi Cancer Institute & Research Centre, call us at +91-11-47022000. Together, we can bring hope and better outcomes for those affected by NETs.

Frequently Asked Questions

Q: Why is World Neuroendocrine Cancer Day observed?

World Neuroendocrine Cancer Day, held on 10 November every year, is dedicated to raising awareness about neuroendocrine tumours (NETs), improving early diagnosis, and supporting patients and caregivers.

Q: Why is awareness of neuroendocrine cancer important?

Awareness is crucial because neuroendocrine cancer symptoms often mimic common illnesses, leading to delayed or missed diagnoses. Education helps patients seek timely care and improves outcomes.

Q: What are neuroendocrine tumours (NETs) and how do they develop?

NETs are cancers that grow from specialised neuroendocrine cells, which have both nerve and hormone-producing functions. They can develop in organs such as the gastrointestinal tract, pancreas, and lungs.

Q: What are the early symptoms of neuroendocrine cancer that people should not ignore?

Unexplained abdominal pain, flushing, diarrhoea, fatigue, persistent cough, or unexpected weight loss are some symptoms that may signal neuroendocrine cancer and should be evaluated by a doctor.

Q: How common is neuroendocrine cancer worldwide and in India?

Although considered rare, cases of neuroendocrine cancer are rising globally and in India. Greater awareness and improved diagnostic tools are helping identify more patients today than in the past.

Q: How is neuroendocrine cancer diagnosed and what tests are commonly used?

Doctors use imaging tests such as CT scans, MRI, and PET scans, along with blood/urine markers and biopsy, to confirm the presence and type of NETs.

Q: What treatments are available for neuroendocrine cancer patients near me in Delhi?

Hospitals in Delhi, including Rajiv Gandhi Cancer Institute & Research Centre, provide advanced diagnostic facilities and treatment options such as surgery, chemotherapy, targeted therapy, and nuclear medicine for NET patients.

Q: How can hospitals like RGCIRC support patients with neuroendocrine cancer?

By offering expert oncologists, state-of-the-art diagnostic tools, innovative therapies, and holistic support services, RGCIRC ensures patients receive comprehensive care throughout their journey.