DONATEUrinary Bladder Cancer Treatment
Overview
Urinary bladder cancer is one of the most common cancers affecting men, and its incidence continue to rise around the world. When it comes to dealing with urinary bladder cancer, timely evaluation and the right line of treatment are essential to ensure the best possible outcomes. At RGCIRC, specialists in urology and uro-oncology offer comprehensive care supported by advanced diagnostics, minimally invasive surgery, intravesical therapies, and personalised treatment planning. Each case is assessed in detail through a multidisciplinary approach that focuses on accurate diagnosis, organ preservation whenever possible, and long-term quality of life. With experienced specialists, cutting-edge technology, and evidence-based protocols, RGCIRC provides complete support to patients, from diagnosis to recovery.
What is Urinary Bladder Cancer?
Urinary bladder cancer develops when the cells lining the inside of the bladder begin to grow in an abnormal and uncontrolled way. The bladder is a hollow organ in the lower abdomen that stores urine, and most bladder cancers start in its inner lining, known as the urothelium. Over time, these abnormal cells can grow deeper into the bladder wall or spread to nearby tissues and distant organs if not detected early.
Bladder cancer can behave differently depending on its grade and depth of invasion. Some tumours remain confined to the inner lining and grow slowly, while others may be more aggressive and require prompt treatment.
Types of Bladder Cancer
Bladder cancer is classified based on the type of cells involved and how deeply the tumour has grown into the bladder wall. The classification helps determine the behaviour of the disease and the most appropriate treatment approach. Types of bladder cancer include:
Urothelial (Transitional Cell) Carcinoma
This is the most common type of bladder cancer. It begins in the urothelial cells that line the inner surface of the bladder and can range from non-invasive tumours to those that invade deeper layers of the bladder wall.
Squamous Cell Carcinoma
This type develops in the thin, flat cells of the bladder lining. It is often associated with long-term irritation or inflammation of the bladder, such as chronic infections or prolonged catheter use.
Adenocarcinoma
A rare form of bladder cancer that starts in the glandular cells within the bladder lining. These tumours are less common and may behave differently from other bladder cancers.
Non-Muscle-Invasive vs Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer
Doctors also classify bladder cancers based on how deeply they invade:
● Non-Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer (NMIBC): Tumours remain confined to the inner lining of the bladder and generally have a better prognosis.
● Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer (MIBC): Tumours grow deeper into the muscle layer of the bladder and require more aggressive treatment.
Causes and Risk Factors of Bladder Cancer
The exact cause of bladder cancer is not always known, but certain factors can increase the likelihood of developing the disease. That said, having one or more risk factors does not mean a person will definitely develop bladder cancer, but understanding them helps guide awareness and timely evaluation. The most recognised causes and risk influences include:
Smoking
Smoking is the strongest known risk factor for bladder cancer. Chemicals in tobacco smoke enter the bloodstream, filter through the kidneys, and collect in the urine, where they can damage cells lining the bladder over time.
Exposure to Industrial Chemicals
Long-term exposure to chemicals used in dye, rubber, leather, and textile industries has been linked with an increased risk. These substances can accumulate in urine and irritate the bladder lining.
Age and Gender
Bladder cancer is more common in older adults and occurs more frequently in men. Hormonal and biological factors may contribute to this difference.
Chronic Bladder Irritation or Infections
Repeated bladder infections, prolonged catheter use, or persistent inflammation may increase risk in some individuals.
Family History and Genetics
A family history of bladder cancer or certain inherited genetic changes may play a role in susceptibility.
Prior Cancer Treatments
Previous radiation therapy to the pelvis or long-term use of certain medications can increase bladder cancer risk.
Signs and Symptoms of Bladder Cancer
Bladder cancer may cause noticeable changes in urinary habits, although some individuals have no symptoms in the early stages. Recognising possible warning signs helps support timely evaluation and diagnosis. The common signs and symptoms include:
● Blood in the Urine (Haematuria): One of the most common symptoms of bladder cancer. The urine may appear pink, red, or cola-coloured, or the blood may be visible only on a urine test.
● Changes in Urination: Changes in urination can occur when a tumour affects the bladder lining or irritates nearby tissues. Individuals may experience increased frequency of urination, a strong or sudden urge to pass urine, pain or burning during urination, or difficulty urinating with a weak stream.
● Pelvic or Lower Back Pain: Discomfort in the pelvic region or lower back can occur, especially in more advanced disease.
Symptoms That May Appear in Advanced Stages
When bladder cancer spreads, it may cause:
● Unexplained weight loss
● Fatigue
● Bone pain
● Swelling in the legs
Because these symptoms can also occur in other conditions, medical assessment is essential to determine the underlying cause.
Stages of Bladder Cancer
Staging describes how far bladder cancer has progressed. It helps doctors understand the depth of tumour invasion, whether nearby tissues are involved, and if the cancer has spread to distant organs. Accurate staging is crucial for selecting the most appropriate treatment approach. The main stages of bladder cancer include:
Stage 0 (Non-Invasive Cancer)
Cancer cells are confined to the surface lining of the bladder. This stage is further divided into:
● Stage 0a: Papillary tumours that grow toward the bladder cavity.
● Stage 0is: Flat carcinoma in situ (CIS), a high-grade, aggressive but non-invasive form.
Stage I
Cancer has grown into the connective tissue beneath the bladder lining but has not invaded the muscle layer.
Stage II
The tumour has invaded the muscle layer of the bladder wall.
Stage III
Cancer has spread beyond the muscle into surrounding fatty tissue or nearby organs such as the prostate (in men) or uterus and vagina (in women).
Stage IV
Cancer has spread to lymph nodes or distant organs such as the lungs, liver, or bones.
How is Bladder Cancer Diagnosed at RGCIRC?
Accurate diagnosis is essential for understanding the stage, depth, and behaviour of bladder cancer. At Rajiv Gandhi Cancer Institute & Research Centre (RGCIRC), doctors use a combination of endoscopic procedures, imaging tests, and laboratory evaluations to confirm the diagnosis and plan the most appropriate treatment. The key diagnostic methods include:
Flexible Cystoscopy
A thin, flexible tube with a camera is inserted through the urethra to allow doctors to view the inside of the bladder. This is often the first and most important test for detecting bladder tumours.
Flexible Ureteroscopy
In selected cases, this procedure allows examination of the ureters and the kidney’s drainage system, helping detect cancers in the upper urinary tract when needed.
Imaging Tests (Ultrasound, CT, or MRI)
Ultrasound may help detect abnormalities in the bladder, while CT or MRI scans provide detailed images of the urinary tract, surrounding tissues, and potential spread of the disease.
Urine Cytology and Laboratory Tests
Urine samples are examined under a microscope to look for cancer cells. Additional tests may be used to support diagnosis but cannot confirm cancer on their own.
Bladder Biopsy (via TURBT)
During transurethral resection of bladder tumour (TURBT), tissue samples are removed for microscopic examination. This confirms the diagnosis, determines the tumour grade, and assesses how deeply the cancer has invaded the bladder wall.
These diagnostic tools help specialists at RGCIRC determine the exact nature of the cancer and plan treatment with precision.
Advanced Bladder Cancer Treatment Available at RGCIRC
Treatment for bladder cancer depends on the stage, grade, tumour characteristics, and overall health of the individual. At Rajiv Gandhi Cancer Institute & Research Centre (RGCIRC), Uro-Oncologists offer a wide range of advanced, evidence-based treatments designed to control the disease, preserve function where possible, and support long-term well-being. The main treatment options include:
1. Intravesical Therapies (For Non–Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer)
Used when the cancer is confined to the inner lining of the bladder.
● BCG Therapy: A well-established treatment that helps the immune system attack cancer cells.
● Hyperthermic Intravesical Chemotherapy (HIVEC): Warmed chemotherapy delivered directly into the bladder to increase effectiveness against tumour cells.
2. Surgical Management
Surgery plays a central role in treating many forms of bladder cancer, especially when the disease is muscle-invasive or when complete tumour removal offers the best chance of long-term control. Depending on the stage and individual health factors, surgeons may aim to preserve bladder function or perform more extensive procedures to ensure effective cancer clearance. The key surgical approaches include:
● Transurethral Resection of Bladder Tumour (TURBT): A minimally invasive procedure used to remove visible tumours from the bladder and obtain tissue for diagnosis. TURBT is often the first step in treatment for many patients.
● Radical Cystectomy / Cystoprostatectomy: For muscle-invasive or high-risk bladder cancer. Surgeons remove the bladder and nearby structures to achieve better cancer control. In male patients, the prostate may also be removed (cystoprostatectomy).
● Urinary Diversion and Reconstruction: After bladder removal, RGCIRC offers options to restore urinary function, including:
○ Ileal Conduit (intracorporeal or extracorporeal): A reliable method using a segment of the intestine to create a passage for urine.
○ Orthotopic Neobladder: A reconstructed bladder made from intestinal tissue, allowing selected patients to pass urine more naturally.
3. Systemic Therapies
Systemic therapies work throughout the body and are important for treating advanced, high-risk, or metastatic bladder cancer. These treatments help control disease spread, shrink tumours, and manage symptoms when local treatments alone are not sufficient. The main types of systemic therapy include:
● Chemotherapy: Medications circulate through the bloodstream to destroy cancer cells. Chemotherapy may be used before surgery (neoadjuvant), after surgery (adjuvant), or for advanced disease.
● Immunotherapy: Drugs that help the immune system recognise and attack cancer cells. These may be offered to patients with advanced or recurrent disease when clinically appropriate.
● Targeted Therapy: Used in selected cases where tumours show specific molecular changes that may respond to targeted medicines.
4. Radiation Therapy
High-energy beams are used to destroy cancer cells or control tumour growth. Radiation may be combined with chemotherapy as an alternative to surgery in certain cases, or used for symptom relief in advanced disease.
5. Multidisciplinary Care Approach
Every case is reviewed by a team of specialists in uro-oncology, medical oncology, radiation oncology, radiology, and pathology. This collaborative approach ensures that treatment decisions reflect the latest evidence and are tailored to each patient’s needs.
Supportive and Palliative Care
Supportive care is an essential part of bladder cancer management and focuses on improving comfort, day-to-day functioning, and emotional well-being throughout treatment. At Rajiv Gandhi Cancer Institute & Research Centre (RGCIRC), these services help individuals manage the physical effects of the disease and its treatment while maintaining quality of life. Key components of supportive and palliative care include:
Pain Relief and Symptom Management
Specialists at RGCIRC help manage symptoms that may arise during the course of bladder cancer or its treatment, including pelvic discomfort, urinary irritation, or general treatment-related side effects.
Nutritional Guidance
Dieticians provide personalised recommendations to support strength, healing, and overall health during and after treatment.
Stoma Care and Rehabilitation
For individuals who undergo urinary diversion, trained nurses and rehabilitation experts offer guidance on stoma management, continence strategies, and adapting to new routines with confidence.
Emotional and Psychological Support
Counsellors and mental health professionals at RGCIRC help individuals and families navigate the emotional impact of cancer diagnosis and treatment.
Palliative Support for Advanced Disease
For those with advanced or metastatic disease, palliative services aim to relieve symptoms, ease discomfort, and support overall well-being.
These services work together to help individuals feel supported, informed, and empowered at every stage of their treatment journey at RGCIRC.
Recovery, Follow-Up, and Long-Term Monitoring at RGCIRC
Recovery after bladder cancer treatment is a gradual process that involves physical healing, emotional adjustment, and continued medical support. The pace of recovery varies among individuals and depends on factors such as the stage of cancer, type of treatment received, and overall health. At Rajiv Gandhi Cancer Institute & Research Centre (RGCIRC), follow-up care is an essential part of every treatment plan and helps ensure safety, confidence, and long-term well-being. The key aspects of recovery and monitoring include:
Regular Follow-Up Appointments
Scheduled consultations allow doctors to monitor progress, assess healing, and address any ongoing symptoms or concerns. The frequency of follow-up visits depends on the treatment approach and stage of disease.
Surveillance Cystoscopies and Imaging
For individuals treated with bladder-preserving approaches, periodic cystoscopies help detect recurrence at the earliest stage. Imaging tests, such as CT scans, may be used to monitor the urinary tract and surrounding areas when needed.
Monitoring for Recurrence or Progression
Because bladder cancer can recur, long-term monitoring is essential. Doctors use a combination of examinations, tests, and imaging to track any changes over time.
Rehabilitation and Daily Functioning Support
Patients who undergo urinary diversion or bladder reconstruction receive specialised guidance on adapting to new routines, managing continence, and maintaining comfort in daily life.
Emotional and Lifestyle Support
Recovery includes emotional well-being and lifestyle adjustments. At RGCIRC, counsellors, nutrition experts, and rehabilitation teams help individuals rebuild strength and navigate life after treatment.
Why is RGCIRC a Trusted Bladder Cancer Treatment Hospital in Delhi, India?
Bladder cancer care requires accurate diagnosis, timely decision-making, and specialised treatment that balances cancer control with long-term quality of life. At Rajiv Gandhi Cancer Institute & Research Centre (RGCIRC), these principles guide every aspect of care. The institute offers advanced technology, experienced specialists, and comprehensive support systems that help individuals feel reassured and well supported throughout their treatment journey. The key strengths that make RGCIRC a trusted centre for bladder cancer care include:
Experienced Uro-Oncology and Surgical Teams
RGCIRC’s uro-oncology experts have extensive experience in managing both non–muscle-invasive and muscle-invasive bladder cancer. Their clinical expertise supports safe, evidence-based decision-making and personalised treatment planning.
Advanced Diagnostic Facilities
From flexible cystoscopy and ureteroscopy to high-quality imaging and precision-guided biopsy techniques, diagnostic services at RGCIRC help ensure accurate evaluation and clear treatment direction.
Expertise in Complex Surgeries and Reconstruction
The institute specialises in advanced surgical procedures, including radical cystectomy, cystoprostatectomy, and complex urinary diversions. Options such as ileal conduits and orthotopic neobladders provide tailored solutions based on individual needs.
Integrated Multidisciplinary Care
Each case is reviewed by a tumour board with specialists from uro-oncology, medical oncology, radiation oncology, pathology, and radiology. This collaborative approach helps ensure well-rounded, evidence-based treatment decisions.
Comprehensive Supportive Care Services
Nutrition guidance, psychological support, pain relief, stoma care education, and rehabilitation services are available to help individuals manage treatment effects and maintain comfort and confidence.
Commitment to Research and Continuous Improvement
RGCIRC participates in research initiatives and clinical collaborations that support ongoing learning and improvement in bladder cancer care.
These strengths help ensure that individuals receive dependable, personalised, and scientifically guided care at every stage of their treatment.
Book an Appointment at RGCIRC Today
Bladder cancer often raises important questions about treatment choices, recovery, and long-term health. Having access to a specialised cancer centre can make a meaningful difference in navigating these concerns with clarity and confidence. At Rajiv Gandhi Cancer Institute & Research Centre (RGCIRC), individuals receive evidence-based treatment, personalised care, and comprehensive support throughout every stage of their journey. To consult a cancer specialist at Rajiv Gandhi Cancer Institute & Research Centre, call +91-11-47022222, +91 11 27051037 or fill out our contact form and our team will connect with you to guide you further.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
Q: Which hospital is best for urinary bladder cancer treatment in Delhi?
A: Specialised cancer centres such as RGCIRC offer comprehensive bladder cancer treatment in Delhi, including advanced diagnostics, surgery, intravesical therapy, and multidisciplinary care.
Q: What are the early signs of urinary bladder cancer?
A: Early bladder cancer symptoms may include blood in the urine, frequent urination, or burning while passing urine. Some individuals may have no early symptoms, which is why timely evaluation is important.
Q: Can ultrasound detect bladder cancer?
A: Ultrasound may identify abnormalities in the bladder, but it cannot reliably detect all urinary bladder tumours. Cystoscopy and biopsy remain essential for confirmation.
Q: Is bladder cancer curable?
A: Certain early-stage bladder cancers, especially non–muscle-invasive types, can often be treated successfully. The likelihood of cure depends on the stage, grade, and response to treatment.
Q: What is the difference between muscle-invasive and non–muscle-invasive bladder cancer?
A: Non–muscle-invasive bladder cancer affects only the inner lining, while muscle-invasive cancer spreads deeper into the bladder wall. Treatment approaches differ significantly between the two.
Q: What are the treatment options for bladder cancer in India?
A: Treatment options may include TURBT, intravesical therapies (such as BCG or HIVEC), radical cystectomy, urinary diversion, chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and radiation therapy. The plan depends on the cancer stage and individual health factors.
Q: What is the prognosis for bladder cancer?
A: Prognosis varies based on stage, tumour grade, type of treatment, and overall health. Early detection, especially of non–muscle-invasive disease, is associated with better outcomes.
Q: Do bladder cancer symptoms differ between men and women?
A: Symptoms may be similar, but in women, bladder cancer is sometimes mistaken for urinary infections, which can delay diagnosis. Persistent urinary symptoms should be evaluated promptly.
Q: How often does bladder cancer recur?
A: Bladder cancer has a higher recurrence rate compared to some other cancers. Regular follow-up cystoscopies and imaging help detect recurrence early.
Q: Where can I find urinary bladder cancer treatment near me in Delhi?
A: Individuals in Delhi and nearby regions can access specialised bladder cancer care at centres such as RGCIRC, which offer diagnostics, surgery, intravesical therapy, and multidisciplinary support.
