DONATESkin Cancer Treatment
Overview
Skin cancer develops when abnormal skin cells grow uncontrollably, often appearing as new lesions, changing moles, or persistent sores that do not heal. Although it is one of the most treatable cancers when identified early, advanced or aggressive forms such as melanoma require prompt, specialist-led care. At RGCIRC (Rajiv Gandhi Cancer Institute & Research Centre), individuals with suspected or confirmed skin cancer receive comprehensive evaluation, precise diagnosis, and access to advanced treatment options delivered by an experienced multidisciplinary oncology team. The centre’s focus on evidence-based medicine, modern technology, and personalised care enables timely intervention and better outcomes for patients across India and beyond.
What is Skin Cancer?
Skin cancer occurs when the cells in the skin begin to grow abnormally and form malignant tumours. These changes often start in the outermost layers of the skin and may develop due to long-term sun exposure, genetic factors, or other underlying risks. While some skin cancers grow slowly, others such as melanoma can spread more rapidly to nearby tissues or distant organs if not identified early. At Rajiv Gandhi Cancer Institute & Research Centre (RGCIRC), specialists assess the type, behaviour, and extent of the disease using advanced diagnostic tools to ensure accurate characterisation and timely treatment planning.
Causes and Risk Factors of Skin Cancer
Skin cancer may develop due to a combination of environmental, genetic, and immune-related factors that affect how skin cells grow and repair. At Rajiv Gandhi Cancer Institute & Research Centre (RGCIRC), these risks are carefully assessed to support early detection and personalised care. Key causes and risk factors of skin cancer include:
- Family history: A genetic predisposition can raise the likelihood of skin cancer.
- Fair skin tone: Lighter skin with less melanin offers reduced natural protection from UV radiation.
- Multiple or atypical moles: Individuals with numerous or irregular moles may be at higher risk.
- Weakened immune system: Conditions or treatments that suppress immunity increase susceptibility.
- Previous skin cancer: A past diagnosis significantly raises future risk.
Types of Skin Cancer Treated at RGCIRC
Skin cancer can appear in different forms, each with its own behaviour, rate of growth, and treatment considerations. At Rajiv Gandhi Cancer Institute & Research Centre (RGCIRC), all major and rare skin cancer types are evaluated and managed with specialised expertise.
1. Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC)
- The most common form of skin cancer
- Usually develops on sun-exposed areas such as the face and neck
- Tends to grow slowly and rarely spreads, but requires timely treatment to prevent deeper tissue involvement
2. Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC)
- Arises from the outer layer of the skin
- More likely than BCC to grow deeper or spread to lymph nodes
- Often appears as scaly patches, firm lumps, or non-healing sores
3. Melanoma
- The most serious type of skin cancer
- Develops from pigment-producing cells (melanocytes)
- Can spread rapidly to other organs if not detected early
- Early diagnosis significantly improves outcomes
4.Rare Skin Cancers
RGCIRC also manages uncommon but clinically significant variants, including:
- Merkel cell carcinoma
- Sebaceous gland carcinoma
- Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP)
- Kaposi sarcoma
Signs and Symptoms of Skin Cancer
Skin cancer can present in many ways, and early recognition plays an important role in timely diagnosis and treatment. At Rajiv Gandhi Cancer Institute & Research Centre (RGCIRC), specialists encourage individuals to pay attention to any persistent or unusual skin changes, especially on sun-exposed areas.
Common Signs and Symptoms
- New skin growths or lumps that gradually increase in size
- Skin bumps or nodules that may appear shiny, firm, or dome-shaped
- Non-healing sores or ulcers that bleed, crust, or recur
- Changes in existing moles, including size, colour, shape, or border irregularity
- Skin patches or rashes that feel itchy, scaly, or tender
- Lesions on the face, scalp, breast, or other exposed areas that appear unusual or persistent
The ABCDE Rule for Melanoma
This guideline helps identify changes in moles that may indicate melanoma:
- A – Asymmetry: One half of the mole looks different from the other.
- B – Border: Edges appear irregular, blurred, or scalloped.
- C – Colour: Variations of brown, black, red, or other colours.
- D – Diameter: Larger than 6 mm, although smaller melanomas also exist.
- E – Evolving: Any change in size, shape, colour, or sensation.
Diagnosis of Skin Cancer at RGCIRC
Accurate diagnosis is essential for determining the type, stage, and behaviour of skin cancer. At Rajiv Gandhi Cancer Institute & Research Centre (RGCIRC), specialists use a combination of clinical evaluation, advanced imaging, and detailed pathology to provide a precise and reliable diagnosis. The diagnostic approach includes:
Clinical Examination
A specialist examines the skin for suspicious lesions, noting their appearance, texture, and pattern of change.
Dermatoscopy
- A non-invasive technique using a dermatoscope
- Helps magnify surface and subsurface structures
- Improves detection of early-stage melanoma and atypical lesions
Skin Biopsy
A biopsy is the definitive test for diagnosing skin cancer. Depending on the lesion, the following methods may be used:
- Punch biopsy: Removes a small, circular sample of deeper skin layers
- Shave biopsy: Removes the top layers of the lesion for examination
- Excisional biopsy: Removes the entire lesion when deeper evaluation is needed
Imaging Tests (When Required)
If there is concern about deeper spread, specialists may recommend:
- Ultrasound or CT scans to evaluate nearby tissues or lymph nodes
- MRI or PET-CT (only when clinically indicated and relevant to advanced disease)
Advanced Pathology Services at RGCIRC
Expert pathologists analyse the biopsy to determine:
- Cancer type
- Depth of invasion
- Aggressive features
- Molecular markers (if required for targeted therapy)
A clear and accurate diagnosis ensures that patients at RGCIRC receive the most appropriate and effective treatment plan.
Stages of Skin Cancer
Staging describes how far skin cancer has progressed and helps guide the most appropriate treatment plan. At Rajiv Gandhi Cancer Institute & Research Centre (RGCIRC), staging is determined after a confirmed diagnosis, using clinical findings, biopsy results, and imaging when required.
Stage 0 (In Situ)
- Abnormal cells are present only in the top layer of the skin.
- No invasion into deeper tissues.
Stage I
- A small tumour confined to the skin.
- Low risk of spread to lymph nodes.
Stage II
- Larger or thicker tumours that may carry a higher risk of spreading.
- Still localised to the skin without lymph node involvement.
Stage III
- Cancer has spread to nearby lymph nodes or surrounding tissues.
- Requires more extensive treatment planning.
Stage IV
- Cancer has spread to distant organs such as the lungs, liver, or bones.
- Often managed with systemic therapies.
Treatment Options for Skin Cancer at RGCIRC
Treatment for skin cancer depends on the type, stage, and location of the tumour, as well as individual health needs. At Rajiv Gandhi Cancer Institute & Research Centre (RGCIRC), patients have access to a comprehensive range of evidence-based therapies supported by advanced oncology technology and a multidisciplinary team. The treatment approach include:
Surgical Treatment
Surgery is one of the primary treatment approaches for many types of skin cancer. At Rajiv Gandhi Cancer Institute & Research Centre (RGCIRC), surgical procedures are performed with precision to remove cancerous tissue while preserving as much healthy skin as possible.
Common surgical options include:
- Wide Local Excision: This procedure removes the tumour along with a small margin of normal tissue to ensure complete clearance and reduce the risk of recurrence. It is commonly used for basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and early-stage melanoma.
- Mohs Micrographic Surgery: A specialised technique performed for high-risk or cosmetically sensitive areas such as the face. The surgeon removes thin layers of tissue and examines them under a microscope until no cancer cells are detected. This helps achieve maximum tumour control while conserving as much healthy skin as possible.
- Reconstructive Surgery: Following tumour removal, reconstructive procedures may be required to restore appearance and function, especially when larger areas of skin are affected. This may involve skin grafts or local flaps and is planned carefully to achieve optimal healing and cosmetic results.
Radiation Therapy
Radiation therapy may be recommended for tumours that cannot be removed easily with surgery or for individuals who are not suitable surgical candidates. At RGCIRC, it is delivered with precision to target cancer cells while minimising impact on surrounding healthy tissue.
It may be used to:
- Control local disease when surgery is not feasible
- Treat lesions on sensitive areas such as the face, scalp, or regions where surgical excision may affect appearance or function
- Reduce recurrence risk after surgery in selected cases
- Provide symptom relief in advanced or non-operable disease
Chemotherapy
Chemotherapy may be used for certain advanced, recurrent, or high-risk skin cancers, depending on the type and behaviour of the tumour.
It may help to:
- Reduce tumour size using topical or systemic agents
- Control disease progression when surgery or radiation alone is insufficient
- Enhance treatment outcomes when combined with other therapies such as radiation or targeted agents
Immunotherapy
Immunotherapy is an important treatment option for advanced melanoma and selected non-melanoma skin cancers. It works by supporting the body’s immune system in identifying and attacking cancer cells.
Key advantages include:
- Stimulating the immune response to target cancer cells more effectively
- Using checkpoint inhibitors, which have shown significant benefit in advanced disease
- Offering improved survival outcomes in cases where traditional therapies may be less effective
Targeted Therapy
Targeted therapy is used when molecular testing identifies specific genetic changes that drive cancer growth. These medications act on precise pathways within cancer cells.
This approach helps to:
- Target tumour-specific mutations with greater precision
- Limit damage to normal cells compared with conventional chemotherapy
- Manage advanced melanoma and other tumours with actionable mutations
Multidisciplinary Treatment Planning
Every patient at Rajiv Gandhi Cancer Institute & Research Centre (RGCIRC) receives individualised care supported by a multidisciplinary tumour board.
The tumour board typically includes:
- Surgical oncologists
- Medical oncologists
- Radiation oncologists
- Pathologists
- Radiologists
Together, these specialists review diagnostic findings and recommend evidence-based, personalised treatment plans to achieve the best possible outcomes.
Supportive and Rehabilitative Care
Pain and Symptom Management
Effective symptom management helps individuals cope with discomfort related to skin lesions, surgical recovery, or treatment-related side effects. The services include:- Relief from pain, itching, or tenderness
- Management of treatment-associated fatigue
- Symptom control strategies to maintain quality of life
Wound and Skin Care
Proper skin care plays an important role in healing, especially after surgery or radiation therapy. Supportive measures include:- Guidance on wound cleaning and safe healing practices
- Support for managing skin dryness, sensitivity, or irritation
- Preventive care to minimise complications during recovery
Psychological and Emotional Support
A cancer diagnosis can be emotionally challenging, and supportive care helps individuals and families navigate these concerns. Available services include:- Counselling for patients and caregivers
- Support groups that provide shared experiences and encouragement
- Techniques to manage stress, anxiety, and emotional strain
Rehabilitation and Long-Term Follow-Up
Ongoing care is essential for monitoring progress, detecting recurrence early, and supporting long-term wellbeing. Follow-up services include:- Regular consultations to assess healing and recovery
- Monitoring for new or changing lesions
- Lifestyle guidance to reduce future risk and promote overall skin health
Why RGCIRC is a Trusted Centre for Skin Cancer Care
Rajiv Gandhi Cancer Institute & Research Centre (RGCIRC) is recognised as one of India’s leading cancer care institutions, offering comprehensive expertise and advanced technology for the diagnosis and treatment of skin cancer. The centre’s commitment to clinical excellence, research-driven practices, and compassionate support ensures that every patient receives high-quality, individualised care. Here’s why RGCIRC is a trusted choice for skin cancer care:
Excellence in Comprehensive Cancer Care
RGCIRC provides a full spectrum of oncology services under one roof. Skin cancer cases are managed through an integrated, multidisciplinary approach that combines clinical expertise with advanced diagnostic and therapeutic tools.
Renowned Oncology Specialists
The institute is home to experienced dermato-oncologists, surgical oncologists, radiation oncologists, and medical oncologists who specialise in managing both early-stage and complex skin cancers. Their collective experience supports accurate diagnosis and effective treatment planning.
Advanced Diagnostic and Therapeutic Infrastructure
State-of-the-art imaging, molecular testing, precision-based surgical systems, radiation technology, and modern systemic therapies, including immunotherapy and targeted treatments, enable accurate disease assessment and improved outcomes.
Individualised, Evidence-Based Treatment
Each treatment plan is tailored according to the tumour’s type, stage, biological profile, and the patient’s overall health. RGCIRC follows international oncology guidelines and utilises tumour board discussions to ensure the most appropriate, evidence-based decisions.
Dedicated Support for Patients and Families
From counselling and rehabilitation to survivorship planning, RGCIRC provides comprehensive support services that address the emotional, physical, and practical needs of patients and their families throughout their treatment journey.
Book a Consultation at RGCIRC
Early detection and timely treatment play an important role in improving outcomes for skin cancer. Rajiv Gandhi Cancer Institute & Research Centre (RGCIRC) offers specialised care supported by advanced technology, experienced oncology teams, and a patient-centred approach. Individuals with suspicious skin changes, persistent lesions, or a confirmed diagnosis can access expert evaluation and personalised treatment plans designed for their specific needs.
To consult a cancer specialist at Rajiv Gandhi Cancer Institute & Research Centre, call +91-11-47022222, +91-11-27051037 or book an appointment directly on the website.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
What are the early warning signs of skin cancer?
Early signs may include new growths, non-healing sores, changes in existing moles, or patches that itch or bleed. If any skin change persists or appears unusual, it is advisable to seek an evaluation at a specialised centre such as Rajiv Gandhi Cancer Institute & Research Centre (RGCIRC).
How is skin cancer diagnosed?
Diagnosis typically begins with a clinical examination, followed by dermatoscopy and a skin biopsy. At RGCIRC, advanced pathology and imaging techniques help provide an accurate diagnosis and guide treatment planning.
Which is the best hospital for skin cancer treatment in Delhi?
RGCIRC is widely recognised for its multidisciplinary expertise, advanced technology, and comprehensive oncology services, making it a preferred centre for skin cancer treatment in Delhi and India.
When should someone consult a specialist for a mole or skin lesion?
Any mole or spot that changes in size, colour, or shape, or a lesion that does not heal, should be assessed promptly. Early evaluation improves the chances of successful treatment.
What treatment options are available for advanced skin cancer?
Treatment may include surgery, immunotherapy, targeted therapy, chemotherapy, or radiation therapy. Specialists at RGCIRC recommend a personalised treatment plan based on the stage, type, and behaviour of the cancer.
Does early-stage skin cancer have a good prognosis?
Yes. Most early-stage skin cancers have an excellent prognosis when treated promptly. Early evaluation at a specialised centre such as RGCIRC enhances treatment success.
How can I find the best skin cancer hospital near me?
Searching for terms such as “skin cancer hospital near me” or “skin cancer treatment in Delhi” can help locate specialised centres. RGCIRC offers advanced care for individuals from Delhi, India, and neighbouring regions seeking reliable skin cancer treatment.
